汽车车身模型表面点位测定的近景摄影测量方法

近景摄影测量是一种不接触物体而精确地测量物体的空间坐标及绘图的新型测量方法。本文简述了近景摄影测量的基本原理,通过对汽车模型外壳的近最摄影测量试验,绘制出汽车车身外形图和解算出模型点的空间坐标,其精度可达±0.302mm。研究表明,在汽车外型设计和品质检测中采用这种方法是行之有效的。     

The effect of the pH of meat on the boiling test

The effect of the pH on the boiling test was studied in 68 beef and 108 pork muscles. The pH had a significant effect on the sensory scores obtained from the boiling test. The effect was particularly pronounced in the odour of meat. In beef the odour scores remain steady for samples with a pH value under about 6.2 and start to increase rapidly in higher pH values. In pork the increase in scores appears to be linear. The odour observed in high pH meat was described by the judges as abnormal and ammonialike. In the case of meat with a high pH, the results of the boiling test at meat inspection should be interpreted with extreme caution.     

粮油检验的气相色谱法中微量注射器的使用方法

随着气相色谱在粮油检验中应用越来越广泛，要求操作才规范、熟练、正确地使用微量注射器，结合实际工作需要，叙述了微量注射器的使用方法以及保养和维修经验。     

The Effects of Trypanosomosis on Sperm Morphology in Zebu×Friesian Crossbred Bulls

Detailed studies of sperm morphological abnormalities were carried out on 12 Zebu x Friesian crossbred bulls used in a study of the effects of trypanosomosis. Four bulls were infected with T. vivax, another four with T. congolense, while four served as controls. The infected bulls developed chronic trypanosomosis. All the bulls initially had very low sperm morphological abnormalities that were within acceptable limits for fertile animals. After infection there was a rapid and progressive increase in all sperm abnormalities. Spermatozoa of infected bulls were highly deformed with multiple morphological defects. Mean percentage pre-infection baseline values prior to infection for acrosomal, sperm-head, detached heads, proximal cytoplasmic droplets, distal cytoplasmic droplets, sperm-tail, midpiece and total sperm morphological defects ranged between 0.1 +/- 0.1 for acrosomal and 8.3 +/- 3.2 for total morphological abnormalities in the semen of the bulls. All the infected bulls developed sperm morphological abnormalities of more than a mean of 40.0% from the 4th week after infection until the end of the investigation and were considered unfit for breeding. At 7 weeks post-infection (PI) until the end of the study (12 weeks PI), the controls had a mean of less than 5% sperm morphological defects, while the infected bulls had 100%. Mean percentage values of sperm morphological defects throughout the duration of the investigation for control bulls were low and within the normal range for fertile bulls. These values differed significantly (p<0.001) from the elevated values of the infected bulls. The results show that trypanosomosis due to T. vivax or T. congolense infection can render Zebu x Friesian crossbred bulls unfit for breeding within a very short time. The resultant infertility could be of economic importance in trypanosomosis-endemic sub-Saharan Africa where Zebu x Friesian crossbred bulls are kept.     

A Slaughter Slab Survey for Extra-Intestinal Porcine Helminth Infections in Northern Tanzania

A survey on extra-intestinal porcine helminths was conducted at three slaughter slabs that receive pigs from Mbulu, a district endemic for porcine cysticercosis in northern Tanzania. Seventy carcases of pigs between 1 and 2 years old were examined between December 1997 and March 1998. The examination involved ante-mortem lingual examination for Taenia solium cysticercosis followed by post-mortem inspection. In addition, a laboratory procedure was performed to determine whether any of these domestic pigs were infected with Trichinella species. Parasites detected were Ascaris suum (44.3%), Echinococcus granulosus (4.3%) and Taenia hydatigena (1.4%). The lack of cases of porcine cysticercosis in this study compared to previous studies suggests that pig traders are conducting their own ante-mortem lingual examinations before purchasing pigs in the rural communities where the parasite is still highly prevalent. It is concluded that improved meat inspection could prove useful in reducing the local population's risk of infection with these parasites. The results of this study have revealed the parasites of agricultral and public health importance in the targeted communities. Further epidemiological investigations are required to better determine parasite prevalence and impact in order to formulate appropriate and cost-effective strategies for control.     

论食品检验准确性提高的控制因素

在食品检验过程中,应严格从检验流程的各个环节加以控制,从样品抽取、制备、校准仪器设备、配制试剂、选择检验方法及对相关检验项目的检查等几方面,确保获得准确的检验结果。     

非开挖NoPig检测技术发展现状与应用前景

NoPig技术是国外研发的一种新型非开挖地面检测技术,能够有效用于76.2～914.4mm直径的油、气、水等钢质管道腐蚀缺陷的在役无损检测作业。NoPig检测技术的基本工作原理是:在待测管段两端通以多成分谐波电流,测量管道上方的磁场,进而获得该电流的频谱和磁场的频谱;通过对比分析多成分谐波电流和磁场各同谱分量的比值,最终确定壁厚的异常变化范围。该技术目前已广泛应用于非开挖埋地油气管道的管体缺陷检测,德国Eon/Ruhrgas和VNG管道运营公司、澳大利亚RAG公司和Applus RTD公司已有应用实例。应用结果表明:该检测技术特别适用于无法清管的油气管道,对于管道缺陷的轴向定位具有较高的准确度,同时可极大降低检测工作难度,显著节省管道检测费用,具有广阔的应用前景。     

螺旋焊缝管道的开裂原因

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、维氏硬度仪及金相观察等分析手段,对开裂螺旋焊缝管进行取样分析,利用冲击试验测试了管道母材的抗开裂能力。结果表明：该管道焊缝存在明显缺陷,缺陷类型包括存在于焊缝中的焊缝金属裂纹和夹杂,存在于热影响区中的焊趾裂纹和焊接裂纹,同时在热影响区及母材中存在夹杂。在高外载作用下,由于焊缝区硬度高于热影响区及母材的硬度,使得焊趾裂纹先于焊缝金属裂纹向热影响区扩展。热影响区中沿轧制方向排列的层状夹杂的存在促进了裂纹的扩展,形成层状撕裂,最终导致管道沿热影响区开裂直至母材。     

山东省2011年春季中标禽流感灭活疫苗质量检测及抗体消长规律分析

为了摸清山东省高致病性禽流感疫苗的质量情况,对2011年春季山东省3个中标厂家生产的重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗(H5N1,Re-5株+Re-4株)进行了质量检验和疫苗的抗体消长规律的跟踪。试验结果显示:除L厂家的2011010批次、G厂家的2011012批次有菌外,3个厂家的其余33批次灭活疫苗的物理性状、灭活检验和无菌检验均全部合格。免疫SPF鸡3周后,除Q厂家2011005批次疫苗外,其余34批疫苗HI抗体效价均≥6.0log2,产品达到质量标准要求。抗体消长规律实验表明,3个厂家的疫苗免疫SPF鸡4周即可达到高峰值,Re-4 HI抗体水平≥9.5log2,Re-5 HI抗体水平≥8.0log2,至25周时,仍维持在高抗体水平:Re-4 HI抗体水平≥9.0log2,Re-5 HI抗体水平≥7.8log2。从总的趋势看,L厂家的疫苗免疫抗体效价好于Q厂家和G厂家。     

基于DRASTIC模型的地下水脆弱性评价方法评述

首先分析了基于DRASTIC模型的地下水脆弱性评价方法,然后探讨了该模型的局限性和缺陷,并评述了改进模型的应用效果,最后对基于DRASTIC模型评价方法的应用前景进行了分析,提出了关于选用和应用该模型需要重点关注的问题和评价成果需实现成果价值最大化。